A horse race is a contest between two or more horses competing for a prize. The sport has been practiced in civilizations worldwide since ancient times. It is a popular spectator sport and is an important part of cultural traditions. For example, the contest between the steeds of the god Odin and the giant Hrungnir is central to Norse mythology. Similarly, the horse race is a prominent feature in Greek and Roman literature.
The modern horse race is a multibillion-dollar industry with historic tracks like Belmont Park, major events such as the Kentucky Derby and significant institutions such as the American Stud Book. It is the second most popular spectator sport in the United States, after basketball.
While the sport is generally viewed as a leisure activity, it is also a form of gambling that can involve high stakes. Bettors can place wagers on a single horse to win, place or show (finish first, second or third), or on combinations such as exactas, triples and quinellas. Other popular wagers include the daily double and pick six.
In addition to the thrill of betting and watching the races, a major draw for fans is the chance to meet and cheer on a favorite. Some fans have a deep connection to certain horses, as was the case with Seabiscuit. Others root for their favorite jockeys or trainers, or simply enjoy the spectacle of hundreds of horses running together.
Behind the romanticized facade of Thoroughbred racing is a world of drug abuse, gruesome breakdowns and slaughter. A growing awareness of the dark side has fueled improvements in racing.
For the most prestigious races, each horse is allocated a weight to carry for fairness. Various allowances are given to female and younger horses to compensate for their lower ability. Some of the most famous races are handicap races that offer the highest purses.
Historically, horse races were not run on a standard length course but were often held along village streets and lanes. The first recorded quarter-mile length race took place in 1674 in Henrico County, Virginia. Later, the race would become standardized at 2 miles long.
The British invasion of New Amsterdam in 1664 marked the beginning of organized horse racing in North America. Colonist Richard Nicolls established a system of racetracks, rules for the conduct of races and a trophy to be awarded at the end of each season.
In the early years of the industry, the hallmark of excellence was stamina rather than speed. It was not until the Civil War that speed became a greater focus in the breeding and training of American thoroughbreds.
Native American horse racing is an area that has received relatively little scholarly attention. However, research shows that, far from being a diversion, it was an important aspect of men’s agonistic activities for status and prestige. In addition, it was closely connected to hunting and warfare, making it a key element of what Johan Huizinga termed “sacred play.” The importance of the game in defining social structures led to widespread use of indigenous medicines for enhancing equine performance.